AMATEKA YO GUKORESHA TUNGSTEN
Ubuvumbuzi mukoresha tungsten burashobora guhuzwa cyane nimirima ine: imiti, ibyuma na super alloys, filaments, na karbide.
1847: Umunyu wa Tungsten ukoreshwa mu gukora ipamba y'amabara no gukora imyenda ikoreshwa mu ikinamico ndetse no mu zindi ntego.
1855: Inzira ya Bessemer yavumbuwe, itanga umusaruro mwinshi wibyuma. Muri icyo gihe, ibyuma bya tungsten bya mbere birakorerwa muri Otirishiya.
1895: Thomas Edison yakoze iperereza ku bushobozi bwibikoresho bya fluoresce iyo ahuye na X-X, asanga tungstate ya calcium aricyo kintu cyiza cyane.
1900: Umuvuduko mwinshi wibyuma, uruvange rwihariye rwibyuma na tungsten, byerekanwe kumurikagurisha ryisi ryabereye i Paris. Ikomeza ubukana bwayo ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, itunganijwe neza mu gukoresha ibikoresho no kuyitunganya.
1903: Filaments mumatara n'amatara niyo yakoreshejwe bwa mbere tungsten yakoresheje aho yashonga cyane kandi itwara amashanyarazi. Ikibazo cyonyine? Kugerageza hakiri kare wasangaga tungsten idashobora gukoreshwa cyane kugirango ikoreshwe henshi.
1909: William Co.
1911: Inzira ya Coolidge iracuruzwa, kandi mugihe gito amatara ya tungsten akwirakwira kwisi yose afite insinga za tungsten.
1913: Ibura rya diyama y’inganda mu Budage mu gihe cy’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose bituma abashakashatsi bashaka ubundi buryo bwo gupfa kwa diyama, ikoreshwa mu gushushanya insinga.
1914: “Bamwe mu bahanga mu bya gisirikare bishyize hamwe bemezaga ko mu mezi atandatu Ubudage buzaba bwarambiwe amasasu. Abiyunze ntibatinze kubona ko Ubudage bwongeraga gukora amasasu kandi mu gihe runaka bwarenze umusaruro w’ibihugu byunze ubumwe. Ihinduka ryabaye muburyo yakoresheje tungsten yihuta cyane nibikoresho byo gutema tungsten. Igitangaje cyane Abongereza, tungsten yakoreshejwe cyane, nyuma yaje kuvumburwa, yavuye ahanini mu birombe byabo bya Cornish muri Cornwall. ” - Kuva mu gitabo cya KC Li cyo mu 1947 “TUNGSTEN”
1923: Isosiyete ikora amashanyarazi yo mu Budage yatanze patenti ya tungsten karbide, cyangwa hardmetal. Ikozwe na "sima" ikomeye cyane ya tungsten monocarbide (WC) ibinyampeke muri matrix ihuza ibyuma bikomeye bya cobalt ukoresheje feri ya feri.
Ibisubizo byahinduye amateka ya tungsten: ibikoresho bihuza imbaraga nyinshi, gukomera no gukomera. Mubyukuri, tungsten karbide irakomeye cyane, ibintu bisanzwe bishobora gushushanya ni diyama. (Carbide nigikorwa cyingenzi kuri tungsten uyumunsi.)
1930: Hashyizweho uburyo bushya bwo kuvanga tungsten mu nganda za peteroli kugirango hydrotreating yamavuta ya peteroli.
1940: Iterambere ryicyuma, nikel, na cobalt ishingiye kuri superalloys iratangira, kugirango huzuzwe ibikenewe bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe budasanzwe bwa moteri yindege.
1942: Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, Abadage ni bo babaye aba mbere mu gukoresha intungamubiri za karubide ya tungsten mu kirere cyihuta cyane. Ibigega by'Abongereza hafi ya "byashonga" iyo bikubiswe na tungsten carbide.
1945: Kugurisha buri mwaka amatara yaka ni miliyoni 795 ku mwaka muri Amerika
1950: Kugeza magingo aya, tungsten yongerewe muri superalloys kugirango tunoze imikorere yabo.
1960: Havutse catalizator nshya irimo ibibyimba bya tungsten byo kuvura imyuka iva mu nganda za peteroli.
1964: Gutezimbere mu mikorere no kubyara amatara yaka bigabanya ikiguzi cyo gutanga urumuri runaka ku kigero cya mirongo itatu, ugereranije nigiciro cyo gushyiraho amatara ya Edison.
2000: Kuri ubu, metero zigera kuri miriyari 20 z'insinga z'itara zishushanywa buri mwaka, uburebure bujyanye ninshuro 50 intera yisi-ukwezi. Amatara atwara 4% na 5% yumusaruro wose wa tungsten.
TUNGSTEN UYU MUNSI
Muri iki gihe, karbide ya tungsten irakwirakwiriye cyane, kandi mu kuyikoresha harimo gukata ibyuma, gutunganya ibiti, plastiki, ibihimbano, hamwe n’ubutaka bworoshye, gukora chipless (gushyuha n'imbeho), ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ubwubatsi, gucukura amabuye, ibice byubatswe, kwambara ibice n'ibikoresho bya gisirikare .
Amashanyarazi ya Tungsten nayo akoreshwa mu gukora moteri ya roketi, igomba kuba ifite imiterere irwanya ubushyuhe. Super-alloys irimo tungsten ikoreshwa mubyuma bya turbine hamwe nibice bidashobora kwihanganira kwambara.
Ariko, muri icyo gihe, ingoma y’itara ryaka ryarangiye nyuma yimyaka 132, kuko batangiye gukurwaho muri Amerika na Kanada.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-29-2021
